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                不用甘特图，你做什么项目管理
              
            
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        <p>我非常喜欢使用甘特图来做项目管理。不用甘特图的公司，我觉得很奇怪。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="什么是甘特图"><a href="#什么是甘特图" class="headerlink" title="什么是甘特图"></a>什么是甘特图</h2><p>什么是甘特图呢？下面这张图就是甘特图。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2017-12-31-22-53-21.png" alt=""></p>
<p>这张图是我12月离职做交接时候的甘特图。</p>
<ul>
<li>不同的颜色表示不同的人</li>
<li>每一行表示一个任务</li>
<li>红色竖线表示今天应该完成的任务</li>
<li>任务与任务之间的黑色箭头表示任务之间的依赖关系，必需完成前面的才能完成后面的</li>
<li>带中心黑线的任务表示已经完成的任务</li>
</ul>
<p>通过这一张甘特图，我能一眼看出以下信息：</p>
<ol>
<li>今天谁应该做什么任务</li>
<li>这个任务从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束</li>
<li>一个人在一段时间有哪些任务</li>
<li>应该先做哪些任务再做哪些任务</li>
<li>哪些任务可以同时做</li>
<li>这个任务是否被其他任务依赖，如果是，那么这个任务就不能推迟，必需按时完成或者提前完成，否则会影响后面的任务</li>
<li>每个任务已经完成多少还剩多少</li>
<li>大任务下面有哪些子任务</li>
<li>任务的里程碑是什么时候</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="为什么要用甘特图"><a href="#为什么要用甘特图" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用甘特图"></a>为什么要用甘特图</h2><p>因为为了绘制出甘特图，你必需强迫自己完成以下几件事情：</p>
<ol>
<li>确定每一个任务的开始时间和结束时间</li>
<li>确定任务的依赖关系</li>
<li>分离可以同时运行的任务</li>
<li>确定不同人的任务间的时间关系</li>
</ol>
<p>当你根据以上的规则绘制好第一版甘特图以后，你会发现有些地方是可以继续调整的，但是这种调整，在你没有画图之前是不能发现的。于是你会在调整甘特图的过程中，让项目的规划越来越清晰。</p>
<h2 id="怎么做甘特图"><a href="#怎么做甘特图" class="headerlink" title="怎么做甘特图"></a>怎么做甘特图</h2><p>你可以在纸上做甘特图，也可以用Excel来做。下面这张图是来自网络。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2017-12-31-23-20-03.png" alt=""></p>
<p>这是使用Excel做出来的效果，但是做起来稍显麻烦。</p>
<p>Omniplan和MS Project都是非常专业的甘特图制作软件，但是价格非常高。毕竟这是生产力软件，使用这个软件你是可以赚大钱的，自然软件本身就会比较贵。</p>
<p>开源的甘特图软件也有不少，不过不是功能不全就是界面丑陋。这里介绍一个相对比较完整的甘特图制作软件：GanttProject</p>
<p>GanttProject的官方网站为<a href="http://www.ganttproject.biz/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ganttproject.biz/</a>，在这里你可以下载到macOS，Windows或者Linux版本的软件。</p>
<p>GanttProject运行以后的界面如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2017-12-31-23-47-11.png" alt=""></p>
<p>在左侧任务面板右键或者按下键盘<code>Command</code> + <code>T</code>就可以添加任务，Windows和Linux对应的快捷键为<code>Ctrl</code> + <code>T</code>。如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2017-12-31-23-48-11.png" alt=""></p>
<p>创建好了一个任务，它默认的开始时间和结束时间都是今天。在任务上面右键，选择<code>任务属性</code>，可以打开任务属性设置界面，在这里可以设置任务的开始时间和任务时长。但是你不能设置任务结束时间。因为任务结束时间会根据开始时间和任务时长自动计算。如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-03-16.png" alt=""></p>
<p>在这个界面，还可以设置任务的颜色，实现不同人不同颜色，或者不同项目不同颜色。也可以在这里更新任务进度。</p>
<p>创建多个任务，如果后面的任务依赖前面的任务，那么在右侧被依赖的任务色条上单击鼠标左键，按住并拖动到依赖它的任务上。依赖它的任务的起始时间自动就会变为被依赖任务的结束时间，如下图所示。此时，后一个任务只能设置任务的时长，不能修改任务的起始时间。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-08-17.png" alt=""></p>
<p>如果依赖关系设置错误，打开依赖任务的任务属性，定位到<code>前置任务</code>选项卡，在这里可以删除被依赖的任务或者修改被依赖任务。如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-11-10.png" alt=""></p>
<p>如果你需要移动任务的顺序，鼠标单击选中它，按下键盘上的<code>Alt</code> + <code>方向键上或下</code>即可移动任务。</p>
<p>我认为甘特图有一个非常重要的元素，就是竖直红线，它指向了今天的任务。要打开这跟红线，需要单击菜单栏的<code>编辑</code>-<code>设置</code>，定位到<code>甘特图设定</code>，在<code>将今天显示为红色</code>点选为<code>是</code>，如下图所示。<br><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-20-55.png" alt=""><br>单击确定回到甘特图的界面，可以看到图中出现了一条红色竖线。这条竖线指向了今天应该做的事情。如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-23-06.png" alt=""></p>
<p>每天打开甘特图，这根红线都会指向当天。</p>
<p>GanttProject可以把做好的甘特图导出为图片，CSV，HTML或者PDF文件。单击<code>项目</code>-<code>导出</code>，点选<code>Raster图像文件</code>，并单击<code>下一步</code>，如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://7sbpmp.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/2018-01-01-00-24-34.png" alt=""></p>
<p>设置保存路径和甘特图的日期范围即可导出为PNG文件，以方便分享。</p>
<p>GanttProject还有更多功能，你可以安装以后慢慢研究。</p>

      
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